Ten years after the signing of the Paris Agreement – an aim to limit the global average temperature to 2C above pre-industrial levels, and ideally keep the increase to 1.5C – countries are facing mounting pressure to translate past commitments into concrete outcomes.
Several agenda items are set to dominate discussions – reflecting both unresolved negotiations and the need for a renewed push towards implementation of the Paris agreement. The future of the Sharm el-Sheikh Dialogue under Article 2.1(c) will test how Parties align global finance flows with low-carbon, climate-resilient development. Linked to this are the contentious debates on Article 9.1 and the provision of finance by developed countries, alongside the Baku to Belém Roadmap to $1.3 trillion, which seeks to chart a credible pathway for scaling up climate finance.
On adaptation, Parties are expected to finalise the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) and determine the shape of the Baku Adaptation Roadmap (BAR), both crucial for enhancing resilience and directing resources to vulnerable countries. Finally, the spotlight will fall on the new generation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) – the ultimate test of collective ambition toward limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Together, these interconnected issues will define whether COP30 delivers the transformation needed to move from dialogue to decisive action.
Here’s what to look out for at COP30.