Every investor defines success differently. The most valuable advice is tailored not just to a client’s financial situation, but also to how each client thinks about progress and what matters most to the client. For some, success means reaching a financial goal by a specific retirement age; for others, it’s about flexibility, projected income, or leaving a legacy.
The strongest advisory relationships begin with a conversation about the client’s goals and preferences. By inviting clients to share what success looks like for them, advisors can select metrics and explanations that resonate, which helps clients feel confident and in control.
“Personalization isn’t just about the plan. It’s about speaking the client’s language,” said Min Kim, investment strategy analyst with Vanguard Investment Strategy Group and a co-author of the research paper. “Standard metrics work for many, but unique goals require tailored explanations. When value is framed in terms clients understand, advice becomes more meaningful.”