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You just retired and are sitting on a pile of cash in your retirement accounts thanks to a decades-long bull run in the stock market.
It’s only natural to want to spread the wealth and give some of that nest egg to the kids or grandkids. In fact, 69% of retirees do, according to a recent MetLife study.
But gifting some of your 401(k) right out the gate may cause more harm than good. Here’s why and how to be generous without putting your retirement at risk.
What could go wrong with gifting from a 401(k)?
Few people think about taxes when they’re helping a child with a down payment on a home, contributing to a college fund, or taking the family on a once-in-a-lifetime vacation. But not preparing for tax consequences is one of the biggest risks in taking a 401(k) lump sum at retirement.
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“If that defined contribution asset is pretax money, you can have a tax consequence,” says John Jones, an investment advisor representative at Heritage Financial. “The person has to be mindful if they withdraw and spend in whatever way, it might trigger another tax bracket or IRMAA.”
Bracket creep occurs when a large withdrawal pushes your total income into a higher tax tier. For example, if you are retired in the 22% bracket and withdraw an extra $100,000, that money is taxed as ordinary income. This can push a portion of your distributions into the 24% or 32% range, significantly increasing your tax bill for the year.
Retirees should also be mindful of the IRMAA (Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount), a Medicare surtax that often catches people by surprise. Because Medicare Part B and D premiums are calculated based on your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) from two years prior, a large lump-sum withdrawal today could trigger a collision course with higher costs down the road.
If a withdrawal spikes your income this year, you may face an IRMAA surcharge two years later. For 2026, the monthly surcharges are projected to fall in the following ranges:
- Medicare Part B: $81.20 to $487.00
- Medicare Part D: $14.50 to $91.00
Running out of money is a risk
Beyond taxes, using your 401(k) for gifting could impact the type of retirement you have later on. Even if you think you have enough saved, removing a big chunk of your portfolio early in retirement means it can no longer grow and compound.
You should also consider sequence-of-returns risk. If the market dips shortly after a large withdrawal, your remaining balance has to work significantly harder to recover. This double hit — losing value from both the withdrawal and the market decline — greatly increases the likelihood that you will outlive your savings.
Be smart if you’re doing it anyway
If you are aware of the risks and still committed to gifting from your 401(k), there are steps you can take to mitigate them.
For starters, spread the withdrawal across two tax years. If you want to gift $100,000, withdraw $50,000 in December and the remaining $50,000 in January. By splitting it across two years, you may prevent bracket creep or avoid triggering the IRMAA.
Another option: figure out how much you can withdraw to stay in your current tax bracket and only give that amount each year. If you have the choice between a traditional 401(k) and a Roth 401(k), opt for the latter. Withdrawals are tax-free in a Roth and won’t impact your tax bracket or your Medicare premiums at all.
To protect yourself from sequence-of-returns risk, ensure you have a cash buffer of 18 to 24 months of living expenses in a high-yield savings account or money market fund.
That will prevent you from dipping into your retirement accounts, potentially when the market is down. Setting guardrails on your giving can also protect your retirement. For instance, pledge to give a certain amount if your retirement account increases 10%, but if it drops more than 10%, agree not to give anything at all.
Give with intention
Helping your family is one of the most rewarding parts of retiring, but it shouldn’t come at the cost of your own financial independence.
Whether you spread out the gifting to prevent a tax hit or set guardrails to preserve your retirement savings, the key is to understand the risk and have a plan. By being strategic about how and when you pull from your 401(k), you can give with confidence.